Concerns of Medieval Europe - 708 Words

Concerns of Medieval Europe The 16th and early 17th centuries of Western Europe were dark and dramatic, as French Catholics had slaughtered more than ten thousand Protestants in Paris on August 23rd, 1572. However, during this period, people began to challenge and question religion. Francis (Francois) Rabelais published his satirical novels Gargantua and Pantagruel (between 1532 and 1564) to criticize the French Catholic Church on social hypocrisy; about forty years later, Miguel de Cervantes completed his satirical book Don Quixote (in 1605) to show readers the absurdity of government in society. The social concerns of their time were religion and politics, which remain hot topics in today’s world. Rabelais’s books Gargantua and Pantagruel criticize the Catholic Church because it had obtained excessive political power, as it began to constitute social laws for life. The Catholic Church was using excommunication as a tool to maintain control of people and society, even though the church was deceitful to its own followers. Rabelais suggests that the church was too arrogant for constructing laws for people to follow, although, individuals should not dismiss religion entirely, but rather keep it aside while they purse a humanistic education. In his books, he mentions clergymen as having human qualities of heroism, bravery, and humor, even though they were piously corrupt. In chapter eight, the character Gargantua writes a letter to his son Pantagruel about pursing aShow MoreRelatedThe Medieval Machine by Jean Gimpel600 Words   |  3 Pages The Medieval Machine by Jean Gimpel, shows information about the technological accomplishments of the middle Ages. The basic idea is that during the two centuries from around 1050 Western Europe went through a kind of industrial revolution that was just as important as of the nineteenth century’s. In his book Jean Gimpel goes over medieval primary industry, which includes energy sources like the creation of mills that were moved by wind power or by water. In these cases, the turningRead MoreThe Medieval Machine : The Industrial Revolution Of The Middle Ages1377 Words   |  6 Pages The Medieval world has a certain connotation to its meaning. People throughout time have found the era synonymous with negativity. It has often been referenced to as the middle or dark ages lending people the view of a world with little to no progress along human advancement. We often paint the picture of medieval Europe with kings, queens, lords and peasants. We also immediately thing of the bubonic plague that wiped out almost a third of the European population at the time. However, there areRead MoreComparing similarities and differences between Medieval Europe, China and Islamic countries.1489 Words   |  6 PagesRelationships between the individual and society vary between cultures, religions and ethnicities. Nevertheless, throughout history, how the individual is seen in society varies accordingly. In Medieval Europe, China and Islamic countries, religious beliefs and different philosophies greatly contributed and effected how individuals in a community acted and interacted w ith their society and other countries. Different lifestyles and common norms contributed to the differences in relationships becauseRead MoreEssay about Christendom and The Song of Roland1119 Words   |  5 Pageseleven century to twelfth century. This epic poetry holds an important place in the history of France and invention of Christendom. The Song of Roland is a cultural artifact that takes us to the journey of Medieval Europe, when religion becomes an important element for the formation of proto-Europe. Religion plays a crucial role in The Song of Roland and becomes the reason of criticism. Some readers might take this poem as a religious text, whereas, for some reader it is a fictional literary work andRead MoreChristians, Jews, and the Black Plague1707 Words   |  7 PagesRelations between the Christians and Jews of medieval Europe were always influenced by their unequal social and economic statuses and the religious competition that existed between them. While the Jews s erved a purpose in the Christian religion, this purpose meant that the more populous Christians that had come to dominate Europe only tolerated the Jews. No premise of equality existed, and the Jews came to depend on relationships with lower-level rulers to secure their relative safety. RumorsRead More The Impact of Charlemagne Upon Europe Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pagesor Charles the Great, reigned during a time of much turmoil and upheaval in Europe during middle ages. Charlemagne’s background and family history contributed much to his rise to power. The triumphs of his past lineage prepared him to take on the task of governing the Frankish Empire, and defending it from invaders. Charlemagne accomplished much during his supremacy. He not only brought education back into medieval Europe, but also invented an efficient way to govern his people. His conquests againstRead MoreAncient Greece And Modern Medieval Europe1686 Words   |  7 PagesMany historians and scientists regard Europe as completely devoid of interest in the history of science. Contemptuously, medieval Europe is most often referred to as the â€Å"Dark Ages,† the epithet clearly illustrating the struggles of the time period and disdain for this part of history. The modern perception of medieval society is overwhelmingly dominated by a skewed interpretation of a barbaric, war-torn civilization barely surviving through suffrage of plague and poverty that stifled nearly everyRead MoreHistorical And Philosophical Movement Of The Renaissance1596 Words   |  7 Pagesthe writings and concerns of the medieval times through the emergence of humanism and free will, the revival of antiquity, natural philosophy and enlightment of knowledge. To understand why the Renaissance played a significant role in this transition, it is important to first consider how the medieval times differed from it. The medieval times lasted from the 5th to the 15th century and marked its beginning with the collapse of the western roman empire. The history of the medieval times has oftenRead MoreThe History of the Western World from 500 B.C. to 1500 A.D.1178 Words   |  5 Pagesmovement or occurrence. This period was the medieval period that was an era experienced in Europe during this time. The dark ages were also experienced during this time between 500 A.D and 900 A.D. This period starts in the fall of the Roman Empire which witnessed decay everywhere . The weight of poverty, insecurity and isolation was too great to permit the production of literary artistic and scholarly master pieces. There was little cultural creativity in Europe in the 1000A.D to the latter part of theRead MoreThe Medieval And Renaissance Era719 Words   |  3 Pagespaper, we’re going to address the fundamental changes in the Medieval and Renaissance era over those hundreds of years, especially concerning architecture, in which brought us to our present. The Medieval and Renaissance eras significantly altered the history not only through philosophy but through art and architecture as well in which was the aftermath of such evolution in beliefs and values. As there were non stop wars throughout the Medieval period, people were more concerned with the safety of their

Religion vs. Secularism - 2082 Words

Religion and Secular Public Policy The relationship that never worked In the American presidential election of 2004, faith-based policies and issues of religion were at the center of the controversy. With his religious stances on abortion, gay marriage, and faith-based education, as well as his campaigns success in painting him as a man of religious conviction, President George W. Bush commanded the pious, Christian population, which appeared in great numbers at the polls. Senator John Kerrys campaign, alternatively, painted its candidate as an intellectual, academic politician. The senator appealed to the more secular and intellectual population that, in the end, proved less populous than the pro-Bush voters. Though it is difficult to†¦show more content†¦A pre-election trip across the Arkansas countryside is all it takes to see evidence of religions coupling with politics. Removable letters outside a church in Conway, AR displayed not the usual reminders of church services, but instead reminded voters that a vote for Bush is a vote for God. 4 Because most truly religious people hold allegiances to things higher than their countries, such as the Vatican or God Himself (the laws of God are above the laws of Man), religion itself has a blinding effect for these people who also hold the right to vote. This church, clearly favoring the President, employed guilt tripping as a tactic to bolster the Republican vote in the area. Religion tends to define the lines between issues: it tells its followers what to believe. Such messages, whether literally displayed on church lawns or subliminally implanted in campaign advertisements and speeches, do not call the legality of religion in politics into question (this discussion is not about the separation of church and state) but instead call into question the ethics of casting a vote in the political arena based on a belief held in the religious arena. The problem with the relationship between secular politics and religion is that it is entirely unnatural: the two institutions are bot h necessary and both omnipresent. Religion and public policy are twoShow MoreRelatedDoes Religion Foster Democracy?1383 Words   |  6 PagesDoes religion foster democracy? This question has plagued many political scientists for decades. Carsten Ancker examines the theories of Samuel P. Huntington in her work â€Å"Religion and Democracy: A Worldwide Comparison.† In 1991, Huntington hypothesized that religion led to the institutionalization of democracy, especially Christianity. Huntington referenced the rise of democracies in the 70’s that were related to the spread of religion as well as earlier, when Protestantism was popular. In his bookRead MoreEssay on Women Empowerment5257 Words   |  22 Pagesoften have ripple effects to future generations. The roles that men and women play in society are not biologically determined - they are socially determined, changing and changeable. Although they may be justified as being required by culture or religion, these roles v ary widely by locality and change over time. Key issues and linkages: 1)Reproductive health: Women, for both physiological and social reasons, are more vulnerable than men to reproductive health problems. Reproductive health problemsRead MoreEssay on Women Empowerment5266 Words   |  22 Pagesoften have ripple effects to future generations. The roles that men and women play in society are not biologically determined - they are socially determined, changing and changeable. Although they may be justified as being required by culture or religion, these roles vary widely by locality and change over time. Key issues and linkages: 1)Reproductive health: Women, for both physiological and social reasons, are more vulnerable than men to reproductive health problems. Reproductive health problemsRead MorePrayer, Homosexuality, And Alcohol And Drugs1469 Words   |  6 PagesReligion vs. Secularism in Prayer, Homosexuality, and Alcohol and Drugs The Puritans left England to be able to have the freedom of choosing their religion. Their voyage seems like a long time ago, but still today, America struggles to find the balance between religion and freedom. This paper will discuss three areas where this battle is manifested: public prayer, homosexuality, and alcohol and drugs. America today reflects the outcome of each side’s ability to make laws and the measures that wereRead MoreExtempore Topics1028 Words   |  5 Pagesguy) Bollywood(SOP) dressed to kill commonwealth games and impact on india Unity in Diversity small efforts giga results package is everything today(consumerism) Arjuna and Management(as my name is Arjun) Race horses are born and not bred NIT vs IIT(NITIAN) Bird Watching K2 most pleasant day of my life If I were at the center of the earth Mother can make great nations Swimming is the best sport titan sunshine being mayawati gurunanak(school name) delhi as a capital pencil sangam Read More2- Religion Does Not Cause Wars860 Words   |  4 PagesReligion Causes War. So often is this sentiment heard in the best sellers from Richard Dawkins to Sam Harris that it has almost become a proverb. It is said so often that people believe it without question. But, in fact, religion does not cause war. If you are an atheist, I ask for your intellectual honesty in evaluating this question. You have every right to believe what you will, but we should all be honest and not sling mud where it is not warranted. Laying war at the feet of religionRead MoreDoes Religion Imply Morality?1321 Words   |  6 PagesDoes religion imply morality? Not exactly, according to research. Contrary to popular belief, non-religious persons are not evil and do have morals. In fact research shows that people associated with no religion may be more moral than those who are religious. Furthermore, the irreligious do good deeds for the sake of being a good person, while religious people tend to do it for recognition or because someone or something tells them to. The origin, the truth, and the perpetuation of this stereotypeRead MoreIndi A Country Of Personal Laws1482 Words   |  6 Pagesunified set of a secular law, that will be applicable for each and every citize n of India irrespective of his/her religious community. It proceeds on the assumption that there is no necessary connection between religion and personal law in a civilized society as was said in Sarla Mudgal vs. Union of India and others1 Political parties have made it a point of luring the minority for their vote banks and leaving it no more a legal question. It is ironic that a constitutional provision intended to bringRead MoreFreedom Of Religion Is Closely Associated With Separation1126 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom of religion is closely associated with separation of church and state, a concept advocated by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. The United States Constitution addresses the issue of religion in two places: in the First Amendment, and the Article VI prohibition on religious tests as a condition for holding public office. The First Amendment prohibits the Congress from making a law â€Å"respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof † (Christofferson 1). ThisRead MoreSolution to Ignou Papers2652 Words   |  11 Pages==== 2. Does the post – Industrial society differ from the Industrial society? Explain 20 Solution: Yes the Post – Industrial society is differing from the Industrial society because of the following reason: * Limited production (i.e. artisanship vs. mass production) * Primarily an agricultural economy * Limited division of labor. In pre-industrial societies, production was relatively simple and the number of specialized crafts was limited. * Limited variation of social classes * Parochialism—Social

Counselor’s failure to connect with client Free Essays

â€Å"There is also some current there, you feel hurt because, in some ways you’re saying to me that you can’t love her as full as you really love her, you can’t show her. † The counselor failed to connect with the client when the client is told thatâ€Å"there is always going to be a conflict. † The client was in the course of sharing her thoughts to which the counselor mutters the word â€Å"anytime† thrice. We will write a custom essay sample on Counselor’s failure to connect with client or any similar topic only for you Order Now The client seems to be distracted by the constant response of â€Å"anytime† to which she simply said â€Å"okay†. Then the counselor proceeds with periodic interruptions and said â€Å"conflict in you so the relationship with the daughter can be as full as it can. † The client wanted to state something but the therapist continues to elaborate on what she thinks the client wants to say. Another part that the counselor did not connect to the client is when counselor stated to add reinforcement schedules, or intellectual, other intellectual strategies to start where the client is the strongest. The client replied by asking if her tears will control of the reinforcement schedules, or intellectual strategies which were ignored by the counselor. The counselor continues to advise the client to â€Å"build her heart to your head and not from your head to your heart, that’s a personalized view. † It is clear that the session is not client-centered towards the end of the conversation. The client spoke in soft voice saying â€Å"yeah yeah. † While the counselor continues to elaborate her piece of advice by saying â€Å"It would make sense and it would be an area of strength there† and â€Å"it makes sense. And it’s just that I had it in the wrong† without acknowledging the client’s question. The counselor also finished the client’s sentence when he or she said the word â€Å"order† indicating that the counselor did not let the patient say what she needs to say. It failed to promote understanding given the need for the client to reiterate what she heard from the counselor to confirm mutual understanding. Overview of the session The session was about the dilemma of the client on teaching her daughter to sleep in her separate bed. The mother reinforces this behavior but easily succumbs to the cries of her daughter to let her sleep beside her mother. The mother wants to teach her daughter how to be independent enough to sleep alone. There was a significant progress of this reinforcement when the daughter is promised to have rewards during birthdays and Christmas. The mother has frustrations on how she surrenders and let her daughter have her own way. In addition to, the mother has trouble sleeping when her daughter cries until she is transferred to her mother’s bed. The main issue of the client is that she feels angry with herself more than she feels angry toward her daughter. The client thinks that she is the one to blame for allowing her daughter to get some leeway thus allowing herself to be weak to stand by her own rules. A non-evaluative overview of what happens in the session The session allowed the client to express her trouble and feelings with regards to reinforcing her daughter to sleep in her own bed. The client opened up her problem at the first half of the session while the counselor rendered her opinions and suggestions on how to view the disciplinary actions applied to the client’s daughter as well as how to approach the issue by taking â€Å"small, increment† steps. How did you feel while reading about the session? (no more than half a page) While the reading the session, it struck me how important it is to share burdens or worries. Issues such as parenting or reinforcing good behavior of children can be a battle of emotions and will. Thus, a parent can be torn between following her mother’s instincts to let her child have her or his desires but at the same time should be a disciplinarian. After all, the role of parents is to rear their children to be responsible and productive individuals. I also realized that the conflict between being too lenient and strict when it comes to parenting is often a battle of emotions for most mothers. Motherly love often gets in the way on instilling discipline on the child as pity gets the better of a mother upon seeing her child showing signs of distress such as crying, throwing tantrums, or helplessness. Lastly, there is a need for making appropriate responses during counseling. The responses made should be oriented in a manner to further explore a client’s feelings by expressing acknowledgment, accepting by letting the client talk, exploring with additional questions, and validating the client’s responses by asking the client to further elaborate her or his thoughts. My opinion of this counseling session Based on what I read, the counseling session has its good and bad points. Counseling is considered a good therapy for clients who need to talk their problems out. Thus, the client in one way or another expressed her pent up anger and frustrations. The counselor was able to listen and give suggestions to the client and her problem. Counseling skills that the counselor attempt to use and list some examples using your transcript. The counseling skills employed by the counselor are verbal attending behavior include things such as your tone of voice, rate of speech, sighs, and uhms. The classic â€Å"uhum† is a verbal sign of interest that encourages a client to keep talking. What do you see as the counselor’s main strengths or good qualities? The main strength of the counselors is having the ability to form interpretations and use of empathetic comments. The counselor expressed his or her own interpretations when the client narrates her struggles on reinforcing her daughter and the need to sleep in her bed. The act of nodding your head or being silent while the client is talking serves as a powerful message to encourage the client to express his or her feelings. This therapeutic form of communication can only be used on specific instances thus should not be used all the time since it shows disinterest. The counselor made empathetic comments such as â€Å"so, but, but you’re still left with a, holding your breath. † and you’re really testing your own patience with the three days, four days, two weeks, then back. † Thus it validates clients’ reactions as acceptable, normal, or understandable. How to cite Counselor’s failure to connect with client, Papers

The Threats of Cyber Crime free essay sample

The hackers that were once just bored 13year olds holed up in their bedrooms, playing with computers and testing their abilities are now cyber criminals, using their college learned computer skills to steal millions of dollars. What once made everyone fear for their email accounts, MySpace and Facebook pages, have now upgraded to cyber terrorism and it only takes a click of a mouse. Cyber-crime doesn’t only affect businesses; it can also destroy our personal lives. Cyber-crime is a crime committed online. Sometimes it can be stealing someone’s username and password to an Internet site. One friend might think it’s funny to try and login on another friend’s website and upload incriminating photos or videos of them. It could also be a group of people who find each other through chat rooms, who plan on hacking into the CIA’s database. Two hacker groups that have been in the news lately, Anonymous and LulzSec, have recently hacked into 77 police databases in the United States. Once hacked, they released all the information of anyone who has filed a complaint to the police. This also included anyone who wanted to stay anonymous and credit card information they found on file. The reason these groups committed such cyber-crime was because the FBI has been conducting investigations on the members of these groups. They released a statement with the leaked data stating they felt no sympathy for what they’ve done (Swaine, 2011). These hacker groups can be a very dangerous sort. During the riots in Britain, a conservative member of Parliament had death threats emailed to her children. This occurred because she urged social networks to be taken down while the riots continued. It’s assumed that the hacker groups Anonymous and LulzSec ent them, but they haven’t claimed any responsibility for them as of yet (Brit MP says hackers threatened her kids, 2011). Investigators are skeptical thought because these groups have yet to make any death threats. Cyber-crime is now an underground economy pulling in a $100 billion dollars annually, worldwide. In this day and age, internet merchants are becoming more and more popular. There was a time when seein g the UPS man drop a package off was exciting. It meant a family member sent a present or that something special came. Now people are getting packages every day instead of going to the mall or local shopping center. Society today is even able to order all household groceries online. But in order to do so, a lot of times people have to pay for what they order through Paypal. com. PayPal. com cited a report by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission that showed losses to cyber-crime totaled at $63 million in 2010. (Internet Crime Caution Alarm Over $63m Cyber Sting, 2011) The definition of cyber-terrorism is the use of computer network tools to shut down critical national infrastructures (such as energy, transportation, government operations) or to coerce or intimidate a government or civilian population. The premise of cyber terrorism is that as nations and critical infrastructure became more dependent on computer networks for their operation, new vulnerabilities are created (Lewis, 2002) When doing a Google search of cyber-crime, 10. 4 million webpages came up (Coleman, 2011). The bigger the businesses that are hacked, the more mainstream cyber-crime becomes. The most threatening part of cyber-crime above all else, is that it funds terrorism. Al Qaeda’s Chief Cyber Terrorist was arrested in his London loft with the data of 30,000 credit cards, all of which he was using to fund his operations (Coleman, 2011). Cyber-crime has become the most threatening crime in so many ways, because it can be linked in one way or another to other crimes. And worst of all, society isn’t even in a position to defend itself against it yet. An article published in the Wall Street Journal quoted the Pentagon stating â€Å"If a cyber-attack produces the death, damage, destruction or high-level disruption that a traditional military attack would cause, then it would be a candidate for a use of force consideration, which could merit retaliation. (Pentagon: Cyber Attacks Can Count As Act Of War, 2011) There have been recent attacks on the Pentagons computer systems, which has created urgency for a better approach to keep the hackers out. There have been reports stating that the United States Government plans to spend $13. 3 billion by 2015 to defend against cyber-crime. In the fall of 2010 the International Cyber Security Protection Alliance (ICSPA) was formed. They are a global not-for-profit organization â€Å"established to channel funding, expertise and assistance directly to assist law enforcement cyber-crime units in both domestic and international markets. (Coleman, 2011) In April of 2011, Sony Online Entertainment was hacked. The attack and intrusion could end up costing the company hundreds of millions of dollars. When the company announced they had been hacked, share prices dropped 30 percent. â€Å"It seems no fraud monitoring services are currently being offered: this may be a sign that Sony is not yet confident what accounts the hacker gained access to, and so is not willing to offer such a service to 70 million + users until they know who has been affected, when such a service could cost over $100m† said Matthew Norris, e-risk and privacy expert at specialist insurer Hiscox. (FOi: Future amp; Options Intelligence, 2011) One of the best ways to protect from cyber-crime at home is to make sure the wireless Internet is protected with a password so it’s †Å"secure†. Anyone can hack into a home network using a cell phone device or PDA and confiscate all the email passwords and bank account information of their victims. There have also been suggestions of using at least one capital letter in your password or a mix of letters and numbers. Also, don’t use anything that someone might be able to guess, such as a birthday, anniversary date, children’s names, etc. In the world of E-Commerce, protecting client’s information is critical to a business’s success. Fraud filters can be put in place, as well as insuring the company is P. C. I. (Payment Card Industry) compliant. To become P. C. I compliant, the E-Commerce company cannot retain client credit card data such as credit card number, expiration date or ccv code. In place of this, the company can use tokenization practices. Tokenization practices assign the credit card information to a specific token so that instead of handing over the full credit card information, a token is applied to the client’s credit card information. At the point of sale, the token is passed over to the payment processor; the payment is applied and given back to the merchant. A token has no defined value, in place of the true data that does have value. That way if a system is hacked, the tokens are taken, not the actual data. Some people might say that political crime or financial crime is the most threatening, for obvious reasons. Political crime effects our government and financial crimes can destroy our economy. Currency counterfeiting and money laundering are both big issues when it comes to financial crimes. But in researching the effects of financial crime, it comes right back to cyber-crime with data fraud and spam. With the increasing technology, committing a financial crime will also be considered committing a cyber-crime because the Internet is used for everything from purchases, to storing consumer’s information. Political crime on the other hand, can still be committed as an act in itself. Espionage, treason or any other act committed against the government or state doesn’t have to be done through the Internet. Terrorism, as the 10 year anniversary of September 11th approaches, is also a very devastating political crime. It took the lives of thousands of people. It destroyed families who lost loved ones; and it destroyed the people who survived. Yes it made history, but it destroyed a landmark, it started the onslaught of the recession the United States is suffering from currently. Besides the thousands of people that were killed onsite that day, the â€Å"War against Terrorism† has taken thousands of soldier’s lives who were defending their country. Political crime comes in at a very close second, if not at a tie, for the most threatening crime. Cyber crime can also be committed when a cell phone with wireless internet is used to engage in unlawful sexual acts. In the case United States v. Kramer, the defendant pled guilty to transporting a minor across interstate commerce with the intent to commit criminal sexual activity. The defendant’s cell phone was used to make phone calls and send text messages to the victim. Statute 18 U. S. C. S.  § 1030(e)(1) was broad enough to allow the U. S. District Court of the Western District of Missouri to sufficiently show how the defendants cell phone could be considered a â€Å"computer† because it had internet access. Kramer appealed to the U. S. Supreme Court, but the judgment of the district court was affirmed (United States v. Kramer, 2011). Statute 18 U. S. C. S.  § 1030(e)(1) states whoever intentionally accesses a computer without authorization or exceeding authorized access and thereby contains information contained in a financial record of a financial institution, information from any department or agency of the United States, or information from any protected computer is committing fraud. The punishment for committing these acts can be a fine or imprisonment for no more than 5 years. In Phoenix, Arizona; the father of a 14 year old girl found text messages on her cell phone from a 20 year old man. The text messages that were sent were inappropriate messages about sex, and the victim admitted that the suspect also inappropriately touched her months back. If those text messages hadn’t been noticed, these crimes committed against a minor would have gone unnoticed. The suspect, Ethan Cook, was booked at the County Jail on three counts of child molestation, four counts of sexual abuse and one count of luring a minor for sexual exploitation (Fishman, 2010). The new technology that society uses makes everything so much more convenient, but, in the wrong hands can also create even more danger. Children at the age of 5 are given cell phones to appease them in public and at home. Parents used to worry about parental controls on the computers their children were using, because the dangers lurked in chat rooms and unwanted email. Now these children of the same age have personal cell phones to do all the social networking they want, with no cares in the world. Cyber-crime takes place with the spam mail in an email account, or a politician or celebrity’s risque photos posted all over the internet without consent. It affects the kids in high school who trust the wrong people with the wrong secrets or even gossip in the workplace. Too much time spent surfing around for email newsletters can often lead to strange emails from people claiming to be priests from other countries, or claims for large sums of money. They ask for the personal information of their victim and sometimes even lead them out to whatever country the scam is coming from. Then they take all of their victims’ money and leave them stranded. Cyber crime is committed when a computer is used to search for child pornography or a cell phone with internet capabilities is used to sexually harass another person. When a person accesses a business’s computer without authorization, or when a death threat is emailed. The possibilities of cyber-crime are endless and no matter how cyber crime is used, it always ends up hurting someone. References 18 U. S. C. S.  § 1030(e)(1)

Concepts of Bill Clinton

History of Multilateralism in Foreign Policy

History of Multilateralism in Foreign Policy Multilateralism is diplomatic term that refers to cooperation among several nations. President Barack Obama has made multilateralism a central element of U.S. foreign policy under his administration. Given the global nature of multilateralism, multilateral policies are diplomatically intensive but offer the potential for great payoffs. History of U.S. Multilateralism Multilateralism is largely a post-World War II element of U.S. foreign policy. Such cornerstone U.S. policies as the Monroe Doctrine (1823) and the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1903) were unilateral. That is, the United States issued the policies without the help, consent, or cooperation of other nations. American involvement in World War I, while it would seem to be a multilateral alliance with Great Britain and France, was in fact a unilateral venture. The U.S. declared war against Germany in 1917, almost three years after the war began in Europe; it cooperated with Great Britain and France simply because they had a common enemy; aside from combating the German spring offensive of 1918, it refused to follow the alliances old style of trench fighting; and, when the war ended, the U.S. negotiated a separate peace with Germany. When President Woodrow Wilson proposed a truly multilateral organization - The League of Nations - to prevent another such war, Americans refused to join. It smacked too much of the European alliance systems that had triggered World War I in the first place. The U.S. also stayed out of the World Court, a mediating organization with no real diplomatic weight. Only World War II pulled the U.S. toward multilateralism. It worked with Great Britain, the Free French, the Soviet Union, China and others in a real, cooperative alliance. At the end of the war, the U.S. became involved in a flurry of multilateral diplomatic, economic, and humanitarian activity. The U.S. joined the wars victors in the creation of: The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, 1944The United Nations (UN), 1945The World Health Organization (WHO), 1948 The U.S. and its Western allies also created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. While NATO still exists, it originated as a military alliance to throw back any Soviet incursion into western Europe. The U.S. followed that up with the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) and the Organization of American States (OAS). Although the OAS has major economic, humanitarian, and cultural aspects, both it and SEATO began as organizations through which the U.S. could prevent communism from infiltrating those regions. Uneasy Balance with Military Affairs SEATO and the OAS were technically multilateral groups. However, Americas political dominance of them tilted them toward unilateralism. Indeed, much of American Cold War policies - which revolved around containment of communism - tended in that direction. The United States entered the Korean War in the summer of 1950 with a United Nations mandate to push back a communist invasion of South Korea. Even so, the United States dominated the 930,000-man UN force: it supplied 302,000 men outright, and it outfitted, equipped, and trained the 590,000 South Koreans involved. Fifteen other countries provided the rest of the manpower. American involvement in Vietnam, coming without a UN mandate, was entirely unilateral. Both U.S. ventures in Iraq - the Persian Gulf War of 1991 and the Iraqi War that began in 2003 - had the multilateral backing of the UN and the involvement of coalition troops. However, the United States supplied the majority of troops and equipment during both wars. Regardless of label, both ventures have the appearance and feel of unilateralism. Risk Vs. Success Unilateralism, obviously, is easy - a country does what it wants. Bilateralism - policies enacted by two parties - are also relatively easy. Simple negotiations reveal what each party wants and does not want. They can quickly resolve differences and move ahead with policy. Multilateralism, however, is complicated. It must consider the diplomatic needs of many nations. Multilateralism is much like trying to arrive at a decision in a committee at work, or perhaps working on an assignment in a group in a college class. Inevitably arguments, divergent goals, and cliques can derail the process. But when the whole succeeds, the results can be amazing. The Open Government Partnership A proponent of multilateralism, President Obama has initiated two new U.S.-led multilateral initiatives. The first is the Open Government Partnership. The Open Government Partnership (OGP) seeks to secure transparent government functioning around the globe. Its declaration proclaims the OGP is committed to the principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the UN Convention against Corruption, and other applicable international instruments related to human rights and good governance. The OGP wants to: Increase accessibility to governmental information,Support non-discriminatory civic participation in governmentPromote professional integrity within governmentsUse technology to promote openness and accountability of governments. Eight nations now belong to the OGP. They are the United States, United Kingdom, South Africa, the Philippines, Norway, Mexico, Indonesia, and Brazil. Global Counterterrorism Forum The second of Obamas recent multilateral initiatives is the Global Counterterrorism Forum. The forum is essentially a place where states practicing counterterrorism can convene to share information and practices. Announcing the forum on September 22, 2011, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said, We need a dedicated global venue to regularly convene key counterterrorism policy makers and practitioners from around the world. We need a place where we can identify essential priorities, devise solutions, and chart a path to implementation of best practices. The forum has set four major goals in addition to sharing information. Those are: Discover how to develop justice systems rooted in the rule of law but effective against terrorism.Find cooperative ways to globally understand the radicalization of ideals, terrorist recruitment.Find ways to strengthen weaknesses - such as border security - that terrorists exploit.Ensure dynamic, strategic thinking and action about counterterrorism efforts.

Franchise Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Franchise - Research Paper Example The agreement is based on the periodic loyalty payments made by the franchisee to the franchise, in regards to the revenue generated from the business operation (Rupert et al, 2008). In the context of selecting the appropriate franchise, various factors are considered, which include the requirements, its market viability, competition among other factors. Therefore, as a started, it is financially rational to select a franchise with reasonable investment requirement (Mendelsohn, 2010, p.120). In Richmond, Indiana, there are numerous franchises already operating. One of the rarely seen but viable business opportunities is the Archive IT franchise. This is one of the potentially profitable franchises with many suitable features. Archive IT is in a category comprising the emerging industry franchises. Archive IT franchise’s deals with the provision of document archiving and digital scanning among other computer related services. Their systems allow for record conservations, secure cloud access and the option of searching text stored. The mission of the company is to enable other businesses to handle the issue of data and information storage in a more advanced manner. The operating philosophy of the franchise is that in the near past, most companies have been struggling with the aspect of data storage in paper work. Considering the next few years, many companies will go paperless. Therefore, this franchise aims at providing the best solution to the older resource intensive data handling methods. This corporation began franchising in 2011. This franchiser is currently selling franchises throughout the US. The total investment required from the franchisee ranges between $66, 350- $196, 300. The exact amount of the investment depends on many factors including the geographical location of the franchisee and the infrastructure proximity of the business. Franchise fee is $ 25, 000, with a periodic royalty fee of 5% of the total revenue

Transport management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Transport management - Coursework Example An effective and efficient supply chain, which occurs through collaboration, is indispensable in sustaining the project. Sustainability is a key issue in every project. This occurs as business entities constantly create externalities to the environment. Organizations, therefore, have to realize that they are part of a larger chain that they create costs to the same. Externalities normally occur in terms of environmental costs that businesses extend upon the population. In this sense, the Bamstrad tender faces the duty of ensuring sustainable work. Sustainability refers to the idea of production that allows for similar future production. This suggests that current producers should not exploit the environment to the extent that that it constrains the capacity for future survival. To begin with, the project managers should establish a proper relationship with the surrounding community. The surrounding community entails many partners, of whom the project indirectly affects. For instance, the schools and the business entities acquire the benefits and costs of the project. In this sense, it is instrumental to involve them by ensuring that they give their opinions about the development of the project. In case such a project produces detrimental results to the environment, the community becomes the first-hand account of the experience (Tumlin, 2012). This suggests that the community is one of the most effective ways of measuring the success of a public project. A proper relationship with the community helps the community report on particular faults. For instance, the community may gauge the noise levels of the tractors. This helps the project managers fine-tune the tractors’ engines to produce less noise. In addition, a proper regulation and assessment system needs to be established. This requires the economic accounting of costs and benefits of the project. Regular accounting of developing costs and benefits makes the project managers understand the

Organizational behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational behaviour - Essay Example For employees or humans in general, mental aspects or brain or mind is the key, which has to be in a highly inspired or motivated state for it to function efficiently. When the mind of the employee is in an inspired or motivated state, then it will utilize not only its’ mental part but the whole physical body to effectively carry out all their allocated tasks thereby contributing their best to the organization. Thus inspiring or motivating (both can be used in an interchangeable manner) the employees forms crucial part of organizational functioning or even leadership duties. In organizational setting, employees will carry out their allocated tasks due to personal motivating factors like salary, taking care of their family, professional growth and so on. However, more than those personal motivations, if the organization and in particularly its’ leaders actualize a motivating environment by setting goals and roles to the employees, by giving them non-financial appreciation, by utilizing the employees’ strengths and by promoting apt Work-Life balance, then the employees’ motivational levels will accentuate and that will lead to strong performance by them. These four motivational strategies and especially leaders’ role in it was focused in the article How to....inspire your staff by Doug Crawford. Focusing on the above mentioned four motivational strategies discussed by the author of the article, the report will first review the key motivational theories, followed by how those theories are relevant and connected to those four mot ivational strategies. At the basic level, motivation can be viewed or termed as the inner drive that would make the humans think as well as act in a particular manner. The term motivation is derived from the Latin word motivus which stands for impelling, moving and driving. (Worsch 2004). Although, it is

Positive Accounting Theory

Positive Accounting Theory INTRODUCTION Purpose The purpose of this report is to analyse the effect of adopting AASB 2 Share-based Payments. Besides, this report will also provide discussions about the reaction of some parties related to this adoption. Background In July 2004, there is a significant change in the accounting requirements for share-based payments. The previous standard that governs share-based payment was AASB 1046 Director and Executive Disclosures by Disclosing Entities, which then supersede by AASB 2 Share-based Payments. Under AASB 1046, share-based payments only required to be disclosed. However, AASB 2 requires an entity to reflect on its profit or loss and balance sheet the effects of share-based payment transactions at fair value (Accounting Handbook 2008). Scope This analysis is done by applying Positive Accounting Theory (PAT). The report covers three main areas, impact of adoption on companies, on managers, and motivation of regulators in developing standards Limitations Since AASB 2 is still new, research papers used in this reports may not Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) that popularized by Watts and Zimmerman is one of positive theory accounting. PAT is concerned with explaining accounting practices. It is designed to explain and predict which firms will not use a particular method. It does not say something as to which method a firm should use. This is what differentiates positive and normative theories. Normative theories prescribe how a particular practice should be undertaken and this prescription might be a significant departure from existing practice. PAT focuses on the relationship between the various individuals involved in providing resources to an organisation and how accounting is used to assist in functioning of these relationships. PAT is based on the central economics-based assumption that all individuals actions are driven by self-interest and that individuals will always act in an opportunistic manner to the extent that the actions will increase their wealth. From an efficiency perspective, why could the introduction of new rules on share option accounting be costly for an organization? Share-based payments have been widely used by many organizations as an incentive tool attracting and retaining employees, and compensate senior executives. Because there was a significant change in the accounting requirements on share-based payments, this will then affect quite numbers of organizations. The effect on organization can be explained by an efficiency perspective. Efficiency perspective, which also known as ex-ante perspective, is one of perspective under the PAT umbrella. It considers up-front mechanisms in order to minimize future agency and contracting costs (TB p. 274). Theorists of efficiency perspective argued that companies adopt particular accounting methods which best reflect their underlying economic performance. By choosing the best methods, it is being argued that investors and other parties will need not to gather as much additional information from other sources. This will consequently lead to cost saving and reducing the risks of investors, which will then increase the value of the company (TB p. 274). Another effect on the implementation of AASB 2 is that it will reduce the profit of the company, thus the performance of the company will seems to be not so attractive to the potential investors. Unattractive performance of the company may cause the investors to assume that the company has higher risks of default. Thus investors become reluctant to invest in the company or, the investors will require higher return. In other words, the company will be facing a hard time to gain investors confidence or the company will be facing a high cost of capital (TB p. 275). Since PAT theorists believe that companies will choose the methods best reflect the companies performance, this means that there will be no need for regulations to be in place anti regulation perspective. PAT theorists argued that regulation of financial accounting imposes unwarranted costs on reporting entities (TB p. 275). In the case of share-based payments, by superseding AASB 1046 with AASB 2, this provides restrictions to the company as to limited methods available to choose from. This will create inefficiencies the companies may not able to choose the method that best reflect their performance. Besides, by expensing share-based payments, this would harm start-up companies and decrease the entrepreneurial activity of growing companies (Sacho Wingard 2004). The reason behind this is that both new and growing companies usually do not always have enough cash to be used as incentive tool attract and retain skillful employees. Thus, in order to attract and retain talented employees, such companies use share options instead of giving cash incentives. Under the previous standard, whereby share options do not need to be recorded as an expense in the profit and loss statement, this will result in higher profitability which may be assumed as a good performance by investors. Besides, this will result in higher returns from investment (ROI). Thus, this makes the financial position statement of those companies look better (stronger) which then allow them to access greater capital than they would had if they have to expensed share option. Debt covenants, which also known as banking or financial covenants, are agreements between a company and its lenders that the company should operate within certain limits (Pietersz 2009). The limits set by the lenders are usually expressed in accounting numbers (i.e. level of gearing ratios). Besides set the limits, lenders will also impose obligations if the company breaches the agreement. Thus, if the company has to expense-off the share-based payments transactions, this will affect the bottom line of its financial statement which then will affect some accounting ratios. This will create difficulties for the company to operate within the limit written in the debt covenant. Company will need to re-examine the debt covenants and need to consider how to communicate this adverse impact on reported profits and key performance ratios to the market. In a worse case, company may wants to renegotiate the terms and conditions of the agreements (Chalmers Godfrey 2005). Both re-examine and re negotiate are not easy tasks, it takes a lot of efforts, considerable amount of time, and it is costly. Since AASB 2 requires companies to record share-based payments transactions as an expense, which then leads to lower profit, this will discourage companies to use share options as a compensation tool. This may cause managers to lose their motivation to improve the performance of the company, because share option is a method that widely used and most benefiting to the managers. Sacho and Wingard (2004) argued that expensing share-based payments would hurt companies like Apple, Intel and Microsoft (information technology companies) due to earnings pressures caused by share-based payments. Expensing share options will also distort earning per share (EPS). Distortion may occur due to inclusion of expense for employee stock options in the profit and loss statement will result in an inaccurate double charge in the financial statement (BIO 2004). When the employees exercise their options, it will be recorded as an expense and increase in the number of share issued. Thus, EPS will be diluted. In compliance to AASB 2, companies have to determine the fair value of the stock options. However, it is complicated to determine the fair value of stock options at grant date, due to difficulties in predicting future movement of share prices. Thus, mathematical models, such as lattice model are often used to predict the future movement in the share price and therefore to derive the value of the stock options. However, to apply this model, expertise is required. Thus, companies have to hire external experts. Besides, additional internal compliance costs, costs of external audit will also increases (BIO 2004). Why could the introduction of new rules on share option accounting be costly for manager A new set of regulation regime in the share option accounting will lead to a different treatment of accounting method to adopt in the company. The complex changes in the new treatments will increase administration and reporting requirements. According to Miles, manager will need to employ accounting industry specialist to assist them in order to comply with the latest regulatory changes. The additional administration requirement will burden the managers with extra costs. This is because managers will have to put in a lot of effort, allocate more time and money in order to familiarize and adopt the new set of the regulation which is generally called as bonding cost (Deegan). These extra allocations will go into training the existing staffs to get used to the new regulations. In addition to that, in certain cases, managers will have to employ new staff; specialists will cost even more money, to deal with the new accounting method which will ultimately result in an increase in the opera tional cost of the company. Besides time consuming and increase in operational cost, the new set of share option accounting rules will limit the managers option in applying different accounting methods. The new set of rule forces managers to be more transparent in preparing the financial report. Managers will lose the opportunity to construct a financial report that best indicate the companys performance. This is because, AASB 2 requires manager to recognize expenses that are related to services or goods received or acquired in the share based payment transaction. As a result, by expensing the items mentioned will significantly reduce the profit in the income statement. In the case of companies relying on profit based performance, managers are directly affected by the diminished profit. Low profit indicates low bonuses for the managers. On the other hand, for companies relying on share-price based performance, manager has to bear indirect impact of the huge deduction in the profit. This is because investors are the ones who are influential in regards to the movement of share prices. Investors are acting based on the information provided in the financial statement. Unexpected decline in the profit will lead to a negative sentiment; as a consequence, the investors are not convinced in either purchasing or retaining the companys share (Deegan pg. 262). Instead of increase in the share price, it will drop the share price. Ultimately the value of share options will drop in line with the drop in share prices. What would motivate the regulators to develop the new rules? Big organizations represent large visible blocks of wealth and the government possesses the ultimate authority; through legislation and through court decisions. Politicians, bureaucrats, and special interest groups are interested in expanding their welfare, supporting rules that would work to their own benefit (Jensen, 1976). Generally, the regulators are controlled; if not, influenced by the government in power. Regulators might be motivated in developing new rules; in the scope of self-interest, that would benefit the government. For example, the majority of the public demands the government to solve discrimination and poverty or to be stricter with issues in regards to the environment. In order for the government to stay as the popular choice of the public, the regulators can develop rules that will have these big organizations to serve as a vehicle for social reform (social responsibility); by mitigation of discrimination and poverty, and the establishment of training and polluti on prevention programs (Jensen, 1976). This will work in favor of the governments self-interest by addressing the publics interest. Likewise, the regulators can also develop rules that would benefit big organizations; ultimately the government in ways of getting sponsorship The inefficiency of the ESOs would be a reason for regulators to develop the new rules; because inefficiency of ESOs can lead to abuses and frauds. Frauds that are related to ESOs may crop up from the managerial power doctrine, negotiation and execution of ESO agreements, award and implementation of ESO plans, re-pricing, and disclosure of ESOs; as exampled in the recent corporate crimes at Enron, Tyco and Arthur Anderson (Nwogugu, 2006 pg 9). What happened with the big three companies showed that there was over-reliance on companys internal governance mechanisms for prevention of corporate crime. In order to prevent abuses on ESOs, it is paramount for the regulators to develop new rules; i.e. to enhance transparency and corporate governance, criminalize the misconduct which was formerly regulated by corporate governance mechanisms. Often ESOs in large organizations can result in over-compensation which is substantial to opportunity costs. The costs to cover over-compensation will directly impinge on other areas of a business (opportunity costs) such as capital expenditures and limiting expansion. Establishing proper compensation is difficult; according to Nwogugu (2006 pg 11) the business judgement rule cannot eliminate over-compensation because of the difficulty in determining and applying the reasonableness standard. This is when the regulators come in. There is a potential for regulators to develop an optimal compensation structure to avoid companies from practicing over-compensation, thus encouraging regulators to lay down new rules. Other inefficiencies and abuses of the ESOs that might encourage the regulators to develop new rules include the potential usage of ESOs as a device for taxation avoidance and as device to prevent a takeover (Lenne, Mitchell, and Ramsay, 2004 pg 10). Taxation concessions related to ESO schemes are introduced with the objective of promoting the practice of ESO. But there are concerns of abuse of the concessions given in the form of tax relief for private equity ownership (Lenne, Mitchell, and Ramsay, 2004 pg 19). This will result in people who are not qualified, able to take advantage of the tax incentives. In the scope of takeover prevention, companies might extend their ESO. By doing so, the company is able to redistribute control among its own management which makes a takeover seem unappealing. There is also an issue of companies making trade-offs with their employee by offering ESOs in exchange with wages. It is suggested that ESOs should be a supplement to the employees income rather than being a substitute for wages instead (Lenne, Mitchell, and Ramsay, 2004 pg 10). New regulations are needed in order to monitor and prevent these issues from taking place in the future. Another factor that should prompt the regulators into developing new rules in regards to ESOs is to achieve consistency and comparability. According to a research by Lenne, Mitchell, and Ramsay (2004 pg 14), 513 annual reports of ASX-listed public companies for the financial year ending 2001 was conducted in regards to ESO disclosures. In the research, theyve identified that the disclosure practices varied significantly between companies. Some annual reports disclosed noteworthy detail on the companys various ESO schemes while some, basic information such as the scope of the scheme of their ESOs are not even provided (Lenne, Mitchell, and Ramsay, 2004 pg 14), making comparability impossible because of the inconsistency of the disclosures. Last and most important factor that will motivate regulators to develop new rules is related to ESOs being expensed. ESO plans did not require any expense recognition in terms of the prevailing accounting standards (Sacho and Wingard, 2004 pg 155). This resulted in investors forecasting the value of companies with misleading information as exampled in the 2001 share market bubble burst. Investors get a false impression in regards to the reality of the value of the related transactions which ended up in billions of dollars lost due to the fall of share prices. Markets can only allocate resources efficiently when prices accurately reflect underlying values; which can only be achieved by expensing ESOs (Sacho and Wingard, 2004 pg 155). By expensing ESOs, investors are able to obtain the true input costs of generating corporate revenues, enabling them to efficiently allocate capital and undertake the best possible investment decisions. In addition to that, expensing ESOs will lead to imp rovements in corporate performance and reduction in abuses of the ESOs (Sacho and Wingard, 2004 pg 158). CONCLUSION REFERENCE LIST http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezlibproxy.unisa.edu.au/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6W58-4H68T8F-2-1_cdi=6564_user=170565_orig=browse_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2005_sk=999859997view=cwchp=dGLzVtz-zSkWzmd5=72a8e05e8f6a0ee2f4bea25809e2b586ie=/sdarticle.pdf Shying, M Ngiam, J (eds) 2008, CPA Australia: Accounting Handbook, 2008 edition, Pearson Australia Group Pty Limited, Australia.

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Modern American (1885) 1. The Author and His Times Mark Twain, the pen name of Samuel Clemens, was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835. When he was four, his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri, the setting for many of his books. His father died when he was 12. After his father died, he went to work as a printer ¹s apprentice and eventually as a printer in Missouri, St. Louis, and New York often writing a few works himself for periodicals. He worked as a printer and a reporter selling much of his work to newspapers. He continually moved from town to town. In 1857, he decided to move to South America to make a fortune there. He boarded a riverboat and headed for New Orleans where he would arrange the rest of his trip. However, he never made it past New Orleans and never into South America. He begged the riverboat to teach him how to pilot the riverboat. The riverboat pilot agreed to teach him for $500. Mark Twain went west during the civil war and established himself as a writer during this time. He wrote humorous stories about his experiences which lead to a job as a newspaper reporter in 1862. The following year he began signing his work  ³Mark Twain, ² a riverboat term meaning two fathoms deep. Mark Twain went to Hawaii in 1866. This trip was the beginning of his career as a travel correspondent. The next year he went to Europe and wrote a successful book there titled, The Innocent Abroad. In 1876, he published The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. This book was such a success that he decided immediately to write a sequel. The sequel, which became much more complex than the original was published seven years later in 1883 and titled, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. After Huckleberry Finn, Twain wrote nearly a dozen more books but none were as successful. By 1939, Twain had lost all of his money investing in various schemes and inventions, almost all of which were failures. After this, he went on a world lecture tour and was able to pay his debts by 1896. While on the tour, one of his daughters died. His wife later in 1904. In 1909 his daughter died leaving him unhappy. 2. Form, Structure, and Plot The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn consists of 43 chapters and is told in the first person with

NASW code of ethics Essay

I believe that the NASW code of ethics is an adequate starter guide for new social workers. It covers all of the basic ethical dilemmas that happen more often in the field of human services. I feel that a great deal of the code is common sense and it is helpful to see what is expected of you and you colleagues while on the job. The dilemma is a disagreement with a co-worker over how to approach one of my own client’s dilemma. Let’s say I went to the co-worker and asked their advice on how to handle a problem with a foster family. I felt the child was mistreated in their current foster home and needed to be placed somewhere else. My co-worker feels they should stay put for the time being and I feel they should be moved. There are not many options for this child because of the huge need for foster parents in the area and the child has already been moved around four times. According to Susan Schilssler Manning Ethical Leadership in Human Services: A Multi-Dimensional Appro ach (2003), it is the primary responsibility of a social worker to promote the well-being of clients and to make their interest primary, however the social services workers’ responsibility can be limited due to larger society or specific legal obligations. In this case the child is in danger and according to the code of ethics it is my job to protect the client and remove them from the home. There is a helpful list of questions on the NASW website that provides tips for resolving ethical dilemmas. In this circumstance there could be more guidance concerning children and those under the age of eighteen. Reference: NASW National Association of Social Workers. (2001). Retrieved from http://www.naswma.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=120 Susan Schilssler Manning. (2003). Ethical Leadership in Human Services: A Multi-Dimensional Approach. Retrieved from Susan Schilssler Manning, HSM 220 website

Word Families - a Quick Reference for Teachers

Word Families - a Quick Reference for Teachers Word Families are sometimes referred to as groups, chunks or rimes. A word family has something in common with each other, have it be the prefix, suffix or root word. For example, green, grass, grow all have the gr sound in the beginning of the word. What are the Benefits? Word families are important because they help young children recognize and analyze word patterns when they are learning to read. When teaching analytic phonics, teachers use word families to help children understand these patterns and that certain words have the same letter combinations and sounds. Most Common Word Families According to researchers Wylie and Durrel, there are 37 common word families: ack, ain, ake, ale, all, ame, an, ank, ap, ash, at, ate, aw, ay, eat, ell, est, ice, ick, ide, ight, ill, in, ine, ing, ink, ip, it, ock, oke, op, ore, ot, uck ,ug, ump, unk. ack- back, hack, pack, rackain - brain, chain, main, plainake - awake, bake, cake, fakeale - ale, bale, sale, taleall - all, ball, call, hallame - blame, came, game, samean - an, ban, can, panank - bank, drank, sank, tankap - cap, map, rap, tapash - bash, dash, rash, sashat - bat, cat, fat, matate - fate, gate, late, rateaw - claw, draw, paw, saway - day, hay, may, sayeat - beat, feat, meat, seatell - bell, fell, tell, wellest - best, rest, vest, westice - dice, mice, nice, riceick - brick, kick, pick, sickide - bride, hide, ride, sideight - bright, fight, light, nightill - bill, hill, pill, stillin - bin, chin, grin, tinine - dine, fine, mine, vineing - bring, king, sing, wingink - drink, link, pink, sinkip - chip, dip, lip, sipit - bit, fit, hit, sitock - block, clock, rock, sockop - cop, hop, mop, topore - bore, more, sore, toreot - got, hot, not, rotuck - buck, duck luck, tuckug - bug, hug, mug, rugump - bump, dump, jump, pumpunk - bunk, dunk, junk,sunk Source: Richard E. Wylie and Donald D. Durrell, 1970. Teaching Vowels Through Phonograms. Elementary English 47, 787-791.

Does Blended Learning Accelerate Student Growth Essays

Does Blended Learning Accelerate Student Growth Essays Does Blended Learning Accelerate Student Growth Essay Does Blended Learning Accelerate Student Growth Essay Does Blended Learning Accelerate Student Growth? How effective is the blended learning at Rocky Mount Prep in accelerating student learning? Since Rocky Mount Prep needed to increase the student learning, they devised an innovative process in school setup so that some improvement can be achieved. The school has used NWEA MAP data as assessment tool data model, which helped the teachers to make an informed decision while addressing needs for the learners. Results revealed that blended learning contributed to overall growth at every grade level, a factor believed to be as a result of improved learning experienced among student. According to a survey performed at Rocky Mount Prep, it was clear that teachers were averagely satisfied hence acceleration of learning could not be achieved fully. Furthermore, a study indicated that teachers were not even fully prepared to be actively involved in the implementation of blended learning and less acceleration of learning. Besides, according to information collected from respondents, as a strategy to evaluate the effectiveness of learning, it was noted that a positive feedback was achieved. English and history, science, and business communication were mostly associated with improved learning when blended learning was applied. Evaluating the scale of satisfaction with blended learning in accelerating student education, it was clear that approximately 82% was satisfied while 18% held a neutral level of satisfaction. On the other hand, it was found out that blended learning was a reliable resource for learning, hence, an assurance of improvised learning processes. This is because it enhances better memory for already learned materials. Besides, blending learning is a good example of regular practice while executing activities such as solving equations and multiplication of facts. Lastly, blended learning leads to student-led learning, which is appropriate for them to learn at their convenience. This leads to proper learning activities such as project-based learning. What are staff perceptions of blended learning program at Rocky Mount Prep and its effects on accelerating student learning? Staff, especially teachers stated that they were not well-prepared to fully implement blended learning. They believed that blended learning could only achieve better results if students are ready to acquire skills and cooperate fully. For example, according to responses, when teachers were asked if they would like to teach in a blended format, 55% were probable while 45% were definitely. For the teachers who were for blended learning, they believed that high chances of interaction were realized due to the availability of more knowledge in websites. Also, they advocated for blended learning because students utilized online programs, which helped them to be active participants in the class. On the other hand, teachers who stated that the experience somewhat increased believed that interaction between them and learners was decreased. The biggest cause of interruption was disruption from outside environment. Other teachers never like this type of learning since a level of participation fell leading to poor learning amongst students. According to a survey about interaction, 40% recorded better results, 10% about the same and 50% worse. All in all, blended learning is virtually important since immediate feedback, proper record keeping and quality face to face interaction can be achieved. Besides, there is active participation of learners and overall development of learners. Hence for such reasons, this type of learning should be encouraged and practiced in schools.Lastly, the staff should be encouraged to cooperate so that student growth and improvement of learning can be realized.

Event Management (Event strategy plan) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Event Management (Event strategy plan) - Essay Example People were not happy. This caused severe unrest and people began to revolt. All over the Arab world, including Syria. This revolution has done more damage than good, causing a lot of pain and suffering on the women and children of the country. (Jamoul 2012) This section of society hasn’t even had that much of a role in the uprising. But they have been tortured, abused physically, mentally and sexually, till all hope has been lost. Over 500 children have been killed in a year of the uprising. (United Press International 2012). Women and even young girls have been raped and killed, at the hands of authority – like policemen. (Women under siege Syria 2012) The rest are all miserable and scared, and it is time to do something for them. In an effort to make the lives of the victims of the uprising – especially the women and children, we shall organise a fundraiser on an international scale. An event that will show people just how much the uprising has affected this s ection of society and how badly they are affected. (Peralta 2012) The event will not only be a call for attention but also a cry for action to the privileged so that they can do something for those that have suffered. ... It will have different elements to it such as an auction by international celebrities of their favourite items, followed by live performances. There will be dances, songs, stand up and so on. But the focus of the night will be on the woman and children of Syria who have had to suffer so much. The night will not just be one of fun. It will be emotional. A rollercoaster of a night that will allow people to enjoy their surroundings and a jarring reminder that they have it easy, by showing them what the women and children are going through. We will show them videos and let them see what is happening. These people will be constantly reminded of the sad plight of thousands of innocent women and children who are suffering at the hands of authority. Strategic Aim The whole point of this event is to create awareness among the people of the world, of the plight of the women and children of Syria. That done, we feel it is our duty to aid them in any way we can. They have suffered enough at the hands of authority, and they need to be rescued. By this event, our objectives are threefold. One, to create an international awareness about the plight of the women and children in Syria. Two, to generate funds to aid these victims. And three, to set up trusts that will ensure that the victims are taken care of. All donations will be anonymous. The framework of objectives would need to be broad enough to include the large variety of event genres, but still be lean enough to work with. (Damm 2011). Research Management Events such as these happen all the time. Celebrities and the ‘big shots’ get together to support a cause, have a good time and donate what they wish to a charity of sorts.

Transformational Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words - 1

Transformational Leadership - Essay Example Based at Fort George, the Black Watch is the 3rd Battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland (3 SCOTS) (Arm 2011). Serving the Black Watch as a Company Sergeant Major, I handle a total of 120 soldiers under my command. To become successful in each of the military mission, the Army as a group needs good leadership. Considering my role and responsibilities as Company Sergeant Major, this report will focus on applying leadership theories, principles and techniques in my chosen profession. Prior to the conclusion, factors that make a good leader will be thoroughly discussed. Unlike the role of managers who are managing business organizations, leadership in the military is not about organizational hierarchy, top-down management, or even the use of positional or authoritative power in terms of controlling a group of soldiers. Likewise, it is a myth that military officers within the army are all about following the chain of command since soldiers who are in the military service treat one another as members of a large family. Even though effective commanders are expected to possess command skills and practice good leadership, the true concept of leadership is not about commanding a group of soldiers who are under the control of the commanders Yukl (2002, p. 2) defined leadership as â€Å"a process whereby intentional influence is exerted by one person over other people to guide, structure, and facilitate activities and relationships in a group or organization†. On the other hand, McNamara (2008) defined leadership as â€Å"a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent†. In relation to these definitions, Taylor, Rosenbach, and Rosenbach (2009, p. 1) explained that effective leadership â€Å"is all about getting people to work together to make things happen that might not otherwise occur or to prevent things from happening that would ordinarily take place†. It simply means that effective military leaders include those individuals who are capable not only in influencing other soldiers to strictly follow what is being commanded to them but also motivate, inspire and empower a group of soldiers as uniq ue individuals under my guidance.

The topic is added to the personalised control panel Essay

The topic is added to the personalised control panel - Essay Example This period in the history of America, during which the practice of bootlegging soared to popularity, is effectively represented in the book The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald. The book helped in effectively portraying the culture that was rampant during that period in history, where people resorted to various illegal activities and which was highly representative of a gradual moral degradation of the American society. The moral decline is depicted by Fitzgerald by the three central characters of the book namely Gatsby, Daisy and Tom. This paper seeks to explore and discuss the concept of bootlegging and its relationship with The Great Gatsby. The concept of Bootlegging is used in reference with the illegal trafficking of liquor in the United States during the early 1920s. The expression Bootlegging was formerly used to illustrate the practice of hiding the containers of illegitimate liquor in boot tops while executing trade deals with the Indians. The concept gained widespread popularity in the 1920s after the consumption; manufacturing or sale of liquor was prohibited by passing of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution. Formerly, the bootleggers smuggled imported liquor from the neighboring countries such as Mexico and Canada through ships which were anchored in international waters while various other types such as medicinal whiskey, denatured alcohol, corn liquor were eventually added as part of the trade. The prohibition and the subsequent smuggling of liquor ultimately contributed to the rise of organized – crime groups which managed all the activities associated with purchase, manufacture and sale of illega l liquor in various places of public gatherings such as restaurants and public halls1. Bootlegging became immensely popular and widespread after the eighteenth amendment was added to the Constitution in January 1920, which prohibited the manufacture, transportation, import / export, and sale of intoxicating drinks across the

Comparing The Foresyte Saga Essay Example for Free

Comparing The Foresyte Saga Essay Both extracts explore the theme of adultery and extreme examples of conflict in a relationship. However, the differing time periods in which they are set and the contrasting ways in which the authors portray them, vary accordingly. In both extracts it appears that the female protagonists seem to be the source of the problem within the relationship and the extracts centre on their supposed adulterous behaviour. The two extracts differ because in Shakespeares Othello, the audience know that Desdemona has in fact not cheated on her husband, but his possessive nature and mistrust of her has warped his judgement. In Galsworthys novel, it is clear that the character of Irene clearly has been unfaithful through the description of her body language and the dialogue used, so youve come back. The men in both extracts have the controlling factor within their relationships, and suffer from possessive love. In Othello, his desire to control Desdemona and to have her all to himself because shes his wife, clouds his judgement on the situation; hed rather her dead than for her to be with any other man and break anothers heart. In Galsworthys novel, the man is indeed slowly losing control, but still tries to grasp it. His wife had gone off and had an affair and he wasnt able to control that. Now he tries to claw it back by shouting at her to leave, get out of my sight, and then contradicts himself by continuing to ask her to stay, which she obeys, and he is now in the stronger position. John Galsworthy uses animalistic imagery throughout this extract to show the way that Irene has become trapped: resemblance to a captive owl. This comparison also shows the way Irene has become vulnerable, having lost her independence and freedom. This mirrors the situation of Desdemona in Shakespeares Othello. In this scene Desdemona is entirely helpless, Othello having already decided what must be done as an alpha male: sweet soul, take heed of perjury: thou art on thy death bed. Shakespeares choice of language, for example, his use of imperatives, Down, strumpet! makes it clear to the audience how much in control Othello is. This control is echoed in Soames, who speaks with great authority and power: take your hated body out of my house Get out of my sight. Soames commands his wife here in a way that suggests he views her as a possession, who should not disobey him, emphasised in Galsworthys use of the image of Irene huddled in the fur, as though she is a belonging. Again Shakespeare reflects this idea in Othello, with the handkerchief used as a dramatic device embodying Desdemonas belonging to Othello, her supposed giving it away driving him to madness: I saw my handkerchief ins hand. Thou dost stone my heart. Neither Soames nor Othello can see the fault in their own actions, demonstrated by Galsworthy through rhetorical questions: Why should I suffer? What have I done? Irene, however, is left in a helpless place, the animalistic imagery continuing, likening her to a trapped bird, her spirit crushed and giving up, a bird shot and dying, taking farewell of all that is good the sun and air and its mate. This comparison also links back to Irenes now dead lover Bosinney, her partner, without whom she feels she is unable to function. Shakespeare uses stichomythia to create a passionate atmosphere. Short dramatic lines such as it is too late, build tension in the audience. John Galsworthy also uses speech to create tension but does so via the exposure of Soames thoughts. Take away that pitiful white face. Soames outburst is made particularly striking in the way that Galsworthy withholds excessive speech up until this point. Unlike Shakespeare who employs continuous dialogue and only one stage direction in this extract, to create a sense of a never ending flow of emotion. The structure used in Othello is used in the build up of tension, for instance the stichomythia used towards the end of the extract. This technique is commonly utilised to dramatic effect in plays. The structure in Othello is generally used advance the narrative and to further increase the build up of tension towards the dramatic climax at the end of the play. In the Forsyte Saga the structure allows the author to progress and elaborate on the metaphors used. Galsworthy uses the structure to put emphasis on certain words or phrases: so they sat, by the firelight, in the silence, one on each side of the hearth. Typically of a novel the structure shows the progressive thoughts of the narrator and isnt necessarily as linear as that in a play (ie Othello). Wider Reading: The poem My Last Duchess also carries the theme of adultery and extreme example of conflict in a relationship. Robert Browning doesnt make it clear whether the woman is guilty, but the Duke, like Othello is guilty of jealousy. He doesnt believe she treats her husband and different to any other men all and each, she liked whateer she looked on, and went everywhere, suggesting she flirted alot, not that the Duke has any proof. The repetition of that spot of joy emphasises how the fact her smile wasnt just reserved for him bothered him, so much so that he used the harsh language like Ann Galsworthys choice of Get out of my sight here, that in you disgusts me; here you miss, or exceed the mark, this shows his dark side and makes the reader question whether he killed her himself without knowing what she had done, similar to the way Othello acts on rage of his pride being damaged. The Duke also seems to be very possessive of the Duchess as is Othello and Soames Forsyte. Here he opens the poem Thats my last Duchess painted on the wall immediately highlighting he owns the painting, but also implies he owns her in person. He also seems to like the fact he can control who looks at the painting, the curtain I have drawn for you, but couldnt control who looked at his wife when she was alive. Additionally, in comparison to the imperatives Shakespeare and John Galsworthy use, Browning stresses the Dukes power through his quite forceful request, willt please you sit and look at her, almost as if the Duke is desperate for his audience to understand his anger, he states I gave commands, yet it seems she didnt obey him, hence he killed her, then all smiles stopped together.

Handling the Issues of Rage and Murder in Poetry :: Education for Leisure The Hitcher Poems Essays

Handling the Issues of Rage and Murder in Poetry The two poems I am going to analyse are 'Education for Leisure' by Carol Ann Duffy and ' The Hitcher. These poems both have potentially dangerous speakers. The first line of 'Education for leisure' contains murderous feeling, this grabs the reader and submerses them into the poem. "Today I am going to kill something. Anything" The poet uses direct and powerful words, by using the word 'something' instead of 'someone' the poet makes it unclear what the speaker wants to kill. In 'Education for Leisure' the speaker thinks that his readiness to kill makes him somehow smarter then anyone else. This is shown when the speaker says; "I am a genius..." The speaker seems to kill for killing sake. This sadism is shown in line five when the speaker says; I squash a fly against the window with my thumb. We did that at school. Shakespeare." This can be interpreted in two ways, one way is that killing and Shakespeare can be associated with boredom. The other way is a line from 'King Lear' By William Shakespeare "As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods; They kill us for their sport." (4.1.57-58) Carol Ann Duffy uses this a another way of symbolising the speakers delusional view that he is a God. The poet reinforces the point that the speaker is delusional when he says; "The cat avoids me. The cat Knows I am a genius, and has hidden itself." The speaker thinks here that the cat thinks he is a God and has hidden out of fear, he thinks the whole planet revolves around himself. The speaker also thinks he is famous. " I dial the radio and tell the man he's talking to a superstar. He cuts me off." By now the speaker is probably getting very frustrated, he then takes a drastic step. "I get our bread-knife and go out. The pavements glitter suddenly. I touch your arm." By saying 'your arm' instead of 'someone's arm' Carol Ann Duffy brings the reader into the poem by making the point that people like the speaker do exist and this sort of thing could happen. The speaker in 'The Hitcher' is observably feeling very depressed. "I'd been tired under the weather," The speaker is presumably mentally ill, he picks up a hitcher "...in Leeds" One difference 'The Hitcher' has to 'Education for Leisure' is that in 'The hitcher' we know someone is killed. "I let him have it on the top road out of Harrogate - once with the head, then six times with the krooklok in the face..." even though we're not directly told that the hitcher is dead it's

Essay --

â€Å"Acting is not that far from mental disease: An actor works on splitting his character into others. It is like a kind of schizophrenia†. –Vittorio Gossman Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that changes the consistency of a person’s personality in arrears to emotional weakness and detachment from reality. Schizophrenia can be connected with the disorders of anxiety and depression. Those who have this disorder go through variations of abnormal activities. Schizophrenia is a disorder that damages the brain. People with schizophrenia sometimes hear voices that others may not hear. They are truly convinced that they hear these voices as well. Schizophrenias may also think that other people have control over them when it comes to knowing what thoughts run through the mind and they believe that those people will bring harm to their lives (NIMH-Schizophrenia). When trying to establish a conversation with schizophrenics it can be rather awkward at times. They sometimes can’t put their words together to have a conversation that makes sense. They won’t come off as talkative people. Schizophrenics can sit for a long period of time without making any movements or even saying a word. Along with upholding a conversation, they also may have difficulties trying to live a normal life. Maintaining a job, a marriage, a romantic relationship, taking care of themselves, eventually becomes hard and the help of others will be needed (NIMH-Schizophrenia). Schizophrenia is not a disorder that can be cured. Although there are treatments out there that will slowly alleviate some of the symptoms. Some of these symptoms are hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, movement disorders, and inability to speak for long, lack of trying to enjoy their da... ...elusional. Due to that, Alicia brought Nash to a psychiatric hospital. At the psychiatric hospital, Nash was diagnosed with depression and paranoid schizophrenia (Howard, A Beautiful Mind). With schizophrenia, it is hard to maintain your daily life especially when it comes to relationships, hence why Nash and his wife Alicia had a divorce but they came back together years later. However the relationship was an unemotional one. (Howard, A Beautiful Mind). From what I can see, the lack of stability in Nash’s relationship and the non-emotional connection between the two shows how much his disorder has affected him and the marriage. For someone to not be able to create a new relationship after the divorce clearly shows that the status of the disorder has not changed. There is still a lack of emotional ability in Nash that disables him from having a normal relationship.

What Is the Definition of Marketing

What is the definition of marketing? What are the benefits and drawbacks of incorporating marketing into the sales function of an organization? Do you think that marketing should be included as part of the sales organization within a company? Explain why or why not. What is the definition of marketing? â€Å"Marketing is the recognition and reunion of the human and social or cultural requirements. There is one of the best and smallest meaning of the marketing is the congregation of desires beneficially† (Kotler & Keller, 2009, p. 5). In addition, the meanings of marketing are given as performing actions that can accomplish the objectives by predicting consumer’s requirements to provide required gratifying things, services, and so on, by the Perrault, Cannon, and McCarthy (2009). What are the benefits and drawbacks of incorporating marketing into the sales function of an organization? The benefit or profits of incorporating marketing into the sales function of an organization is eventually raised sales. Marketing can provide many great thoughts for the output or product: any how, you should understand that how to obtain or search out people for purchasing. A mutual attempt of the marketing and sales can provide evidence of the success. The drawback or negative aspect of incorporating marketing into the sales function of an organization is coordination and cooperation†. The sales force or powers believe that the product managers set prices or sale ration â€Å"too high†; or the publicity director and a trademark manager could not concur on an advertising operation or campaign† (Kotler & Keller, 2009, p. 24). In order to do extremely well, all members of the society or organization should work in unity. Do you think that marketing should be included as part of the sales organization within a company? Explain why or why not. Obviously, I believe that marketing should be taken as part of the sales organization within a company. Marketing and Sales are interrelated to each other; Marketing carries out prospective consumer to the sales division. In huge advertizing organizations, it is very complex to describe as where marketing split ends and sales embark on.

Language Cultural Diversity and the War on Terror essays

Language Cultural Diversity and the War on Terror essays Cultural awareness and the careful use of language and rhetoric have enhanced the global war on terrorism. Language is a powerful tool that can either act to demonize the enemy or to increase the understanding of the enemy through cultural awareness. Cultural awareness itself is a powerful tool in the arsenal against terrorism, as it allows for the better understanding of the enemy, thus enhancing the effort on the global war on Perhaps one of the most important and inherent dangers in the war on terror is the prospect of demonizing and oversimplifying the enemy. Dan Rather, famous anchor and managing editor of CBS News, illustrates the danger of such an approach. In answer to David Letterman's question, "Why do these people hate us'", Rather responded, "They're evil" (cited in Corliss, 2001). In Rather's defense, the interview took place shortly after the tragedy of September 11th, and he was likely overwhelmed with shock and grief. Nonetheless, his answer does illustrate both the power of language and a lack of cultural awareness on our understanding about the war on terror. Traditional military terms like Charlie (describing the Viet Cong), (Wikipedia) are also examples of the use of language to distance us from the enemy as individuals. Rather's sort of rhetoric is dangerous, as it serves to dehumanize our enemies and portray them as completely evil and ourselves as entirely righteous. Notes Fedler (2001), "When we totally dehumanize our enemies, the terrorists, once again, have won." In doing this, those fighting the war on terrorism are "drawn into the simplistic dualism of the terrorists who see themselves as totally righteous and all Americans as totally evil" Crucial in combating such dualism is the concept of cultural awareness. Further, cultural awareness gives America the benefit of a better understanding of the motivations and subtext ...

australias economy essays

australias economy essays By 1939 France and Great Britain had declared war on Germany. Germany had invaded Poland and was working towards European domination while on the other side of the globe Japan had launched a massive attack on China and Korea and was steadily moving over the Pacific in an attempt to gain complete control over Greater East Asia. Italy was attempting to conquer the Mediterranean and was, thus far, triumphant. All was being broadcast globally on the radio. This was becoming a war unlike any in the 20th century, even the First World War couldnt compare to this gruesome fight against fascism, communism and world domination. For the first time ever there was a war on nearly every continent and ocean as well as every head and heart. This essay will examine how the media, economic and militaristic mobilization as well as the ideological opinions contribute to the view of the world being engrossed in what has now been called "the last noble war". This war characterized itself by the complete mobilization of man and his resources. Governments are soliciting the public for money: raising taxes, requesting the buying of war bonds, using every reserve they have including colonies, for soldiers and textiles, for example: coal, steel etc? Also there are strategic bombings of large cities, for the first time civilians fall victim, in great numbers, to the destruction of war. 50,000,000 people died in WWII, approximately 17,000,000 were civilians. With the help of the Nazis the term "genocide" was defined in this war. No genocidal attempt had ever achieved the same amount of success as Hitlers racial cleansing. This along with Communist Russia only fueled the war time propaganda. "Lebensraum", "La Grande Croisade, L?ion des Volontaires Fran?is contre le Bolchevisme", "Battle of Germany-Join an Air Crew". All of these are slogans or captions of posters propagandizing the war effort on the home fronts. Radios all over the world were broadcas...

Use of Instant Messaging in Business essays

Use of Instant Messaging in Business essays This is a feasibility study for Clinical Study Applications, Inc. on the need for, and benefits of, installing and utilizing a real-time instant messaging communications program for use between CSA's offices in Arizona and Wisconsin. The paper will look at the technology involved in computer based instance messaging software, (IM), the various instant messaging packages available, and what can be the advantages for companies whose employees use instant messaging to communicate between offices or while on the road. This study will also address concerns such as the security issues and potential abuse of instant messaging, and how these concerns can be Instant messaging was once the domain of teenagers who had found the high-tech equivalent to passing notes in class. They used the Internet and on-line services to chat from their computers. Nevertheless, with 600 million messages being sent on a daily with America Online's messaging service alone, plus the huge volume of messages being sent by other popular instant messaging services such as Yahoo, ICR, MSN Messenger and Lycos Instant Messenger, use of this service has clearly moved to the mainstream. Adults inside and outside of the office find instant messaging an easy, convenient way to communicate with friends, family and colleagues with more immediacy than e-mail and without the expense of long-distance cell and In addition there has been rapid growth in what is called short message service, (SMS), on mobile phones. This means that the same types of short "instant" messages that are being sent over the Internet are now being sent to and/or between mobile devices, most commonly phones. According to Uday Shukla, (2002), enterprise use of IM is growing at approximately 20 percent annually, and is expected to be in use by 70 percent of all companies by the end of 2002. By 2005, the use of instance messaging ...